INTERVIEW FOR MEDICINE USM | TEMUDUGA IJAZAH KEDOKTORAN

COVID #RMO DAY-6

I leave QnA section in the comment below and I’ll update my entry with your Q&A okayy 😉

Assalamualaikum and hye,, today i zealously wanna share some sample answers for medical interview. and if im not lazy enough i would share the tips hoho. so recently alhamdulillah i got an offer from USM Kubang Kerian, Kelantan for medical degree. haha well its not that surprising. im a student of Pre-USM under MARA programme so literally, yes i will be resettled into USM for my degree but still, i have to attend the interview (for certain courses i intended to be in like medic and pharmacy), just like the other candidates, but yeah, the chance on getting called for that interview is on our hands. 

So there’d be two days of interview. One day got two sessions, morning and evening. During my year, 2017, it’s held on Friday & Saturday. I got the first day.

In the interview type is MMI (Multiple Mini Interview). Hehe, do you ever heard about this? 

So basically, in a typical MMI, each interviewer stays in the same interview throughout, as candidates rotate through. The interviewer thus scores each candidate based upon the same interview scenario throughout the course of the test. Candidates – each candidate rotates through the circuit of interviews.

There are 10 rooms. Student 1 will first enter Room 1 @ Station 1. Student 2 will enter Station 2. And the number goes.

There is a written instruction or question on a paper in front of each room. 📄Every station has different question. Once the bell rings 🛎 you’re given two minutes to read and digest the question. And, yes. this is your time to brainstorm your answer. 2 minutes should be enough to think the points you gonna deliver in front of the panel (doctors) in the room later.

2 minutes end. 🛎 Kringg!! The next bell will ring and there, you can knock the door and enter the room. sit down. now, you already know the question, right? so, this is the time for you to shine 🧚🏻💃🏻 ***Introduce yourself “My name is Husna, this is my file” ***Ask permission “May I have a seat Dr?”

What i like about MMI is i know it will be definitely a one-to-one assessment. So, i don’t have to worry about being awkward, shy neither competitive. Most of the doctors will not interrupt or help or comment what you’re doing. It’s just sometimes they will add up questions either when they get to know more about what you’re doing or saying, or they want to top-up your marks if you’re not performing so excellently..

Kringggg!!! 🛎🛎 8 min has ended!! ***Thank the Dr. (just call DR if you’re unsure the title: Prof/AP/Dr) “Thank you Dr for your time. i’d like to go to next station”

Okay nahh.. you’ve finished the first station 👏🏻👏🏻 Now, don’t waste your time ! go to the next station, stand in front of the room and read the nest question. usually the next station number is the subsequent number.

I highlighted the ethics part because this is important okay my dear doctors-to-be.... because it’s in medical ethics, greet, thank & consent. For example, when we medical profession want to clerk patient or do any physical examination, we have a few steps, which are WIPER TAC

***

W - wash your hands

I  - introduce yourself***

P - permission*** and privacy (not related to interview)

E - exposure (not related to interview)

R - repositioning patient (not related to interview)

T - thank the patient***

A - ask : anything you wanna ask?

C - closing : i’d like to end my examination with check the BP... etc

So now, it’s time for my sharing session about my questions i got during d day. I try my best to recall yaa..not really the exact one but i try to recreate with my imaginary sentence. 

1st station: Breaking the News

Results of biopsy has come out. Kamal is diagnosed with bladder cancer. He’s advised to follow up the treatment and surgery. As a medical doctor, how you would break the news?

Okay guys, with this type of question, the doctors didn’t expect you to throw out  medical jargons or whatsoever. They really highlighted about the Ethics part.

Also, i think if it involves patient, you can or encouraged to speak in Bahasa cuz yeah, Kelantanese patient speaks Bahasa okeyy not Arabic obv.

Let me give some lecture (ececey) on Prescribing Patient @ Truth Telling @ Breaking News : (clue: SPIKES)

S Setting : prepare the patient. Some questions to break the ice

“Macam mana cik harini, sihat?”

“Cik datang dengan siapa harini?”

P Perception

“Cik, Saya nak tanya, puan tahu tak keadaan Cik Kamal sekarang?” (Which is his disease)

I Information

“Boleh Cik Kamal bagitahu, cik nak terima treatment hospital kalau diminta untuk follow-up?”

Let him tell with his full heart. You, your job is, stare at his eyes with full of empathy, showmanship is so important, nod to show your grasp, and potray some respect ✊ . Keep quiet and be a good listener!

K Knowledge

If medical student:

Diagnosis: you can draw what you know about the anatomy and what pathology (problem) is involved now if there’re pencil and paper provided.

Treatment: why he need to follow up treatment

Prognosis: what will happen to himself, his family & life (job, daily activities) if he defaults (just briefly, don’t raise your voice, speak softly with rhythm cewah)

As a non-medical student yet, just speak what you know, no need 100% true, at least have some showmanship.

E Empathy

“I really really understand your situation. I mean, let’s cope with this together.”

(Talk in Malay la)

S Strategy

“So i come up with a few strategies. First, Cik Kamal need to tell your family members first, they need to know the situation. Then, Cik Kamal can approach Jabatan Kebajikan Malaysia, behind this building (for financial problem), then Cik Kamal can ask me anything regarding the disease....then....bla2”

2nd station: Medical Ethics

Encik Fakir, 56 years old is diagnosed with HIV positive. he has poor socioeconomic status and he’s not working. On further questioning, he claims that he’s a drug dealer. You are the doctor in-charge with  this patient. What would you do?

Enhance the medical ethics Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Justice in this situation.

Omg, at first tu, i just followed 4 keys og ethics given, didn’t even know the true meaning of them. So yeah, make sure you know the meaning then you can elaborate it and relate with the situation.

Autonomy : break the news 

Beneficence :

Non-maleficence :

Justice :

Medical Ethics : Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Justice

Prescribing Patient @ Truth Telling @ Breaking News : (clue: SPIKES) 

3rd station:

Show the talent that you have.

So guys, as i entered in, i sat down and started gambling about my skill during the entire school time. After about 6 mins boasted, the doctor said “but here it stated that you need to ‘show’ it” Then i was like.. OMO OTTOKEEE 😭😭

And i -

“I can sing”

And i sang a song entitled Sakit by Iamneeta.

And the bell rang. I stopped immediately and the Dr said “whoa you have a nice voice” inside my heart, “aiyo Una you waste your time bragging your other skills but none of them are provable 😓”

I’m not really good in singing, my last vocal and choir class was during elementary school. Otherwise, it’s just informal class in the toilet 😂

Hahaha so you know what you need to do? Practise one talent that you can PERFORM within 8 mins beforehand. Maybe you have a talent in sport, dancing or whatsoever, but maybe if you brag so much, it’s not convincing enough. So try dancing or singing or public speaking anything that is possible to do without any props like ball and costume.

As i reached my friend’s home at Pengkalan Chepa, i told my two buddies about that and they both were really well prepared 😂 One of them memorise verses of Quran for her tilawah skill. Hahah lucky them having me to tell the spot question 😂 so yeah, as expected, there’s a station on the next day with the same question, “show your talent”

A week before the interview day, we batchmates from Pre-USM programmes shared a few lists of questions. so here are some sample answers for the questions selected out of a list. ahaa before i forget, i did discuss these answers with my friend, Ulul Azmi. so the idea came up together and we put on some research before answering particular questions. im so sorry, the word compilation might be quiet messy and confusing. and i also misplaced the list of questions.. mianhae,, i will hv a check again kayh..

➡️🌸🌸🌸  tell me abt yourself

my name is husna binti mohd nor, a pre-u usm student of mara college kulim. i am a daughter of two teachers, and born in kluang johor and talking about my origin, it is the most triggering reason why i am here and why i choose this pathway. i was born in pregnancy disorder where my mom had to suffer from stroke for 7 months without her husband by her side. since i was five, i love to read scientific book and article and watch medical videos because i want to discover into deep why such occasion happens to my mom. therefore, for me, being a gynecologist is one of the way to pay back my mother's sacrifice by helping mothers outside there from having such difficulties during pregnancy as my mom had been through. i also want to show people that here, a girl with born-disorder can still succeed.

➡️🌸🌸🌸 what is your strength and weakness?

- my weakness is i always sleep for a long period. despite of that, i manage to use my time properly. i never proscrastinate, and always make preparation for any task earlier and faster than other people. 

- in boarding school, i am the vice president of student representative council (mpp) and i hv to handle many events in and out of school, attend meetings, and do homework and revision for spm. but, still alhamdulillah i manage to ace in all subjects in spm.

➡️🌸🌸🌸 why do u choose medical course?

- for me, a doctor is very versatile, because being a doctor i can manage my time, make a critical decision in a short time and instil many moral values such as understanding, patience and independance. 

- based on my experience being a vice president of src, i know that i am a person who love to fill every second in my life with a lot of work and i dont like to waste my time with petty things that give no advantage.

➡️ what is ob-gyn? why are u interested in ob-gyn? (Or any other field)

- Obstetrics and Gynecology is the medical specialty that deals with pregnany women from the developing of babies in mothers uterus until kid.

- what are the disease dealt by ob-gyn are abnormal failure, ovarian cyst, infertility and osteoporosis. one of the most terrific pregnancy problem is ectopic pregnancy, where the baby is in the mother's fallopian tube, not in uterus. this is due to small size of penis and vagina, and eventually the baby cannot be delivered, and the mother cannot be pregnant anymore

- i am interested in this field because  I enjoyed the opportunity of working with women over the course of their lifetime health care 

- i can develop life-long relationships with my patients and families as i love to be friendly with people. when i have successfully helped a mother, i will be very satisfied and happy because i know a child is very precious for every parent. 

➡️ what are the problems faced by ob-gyn? (or any other field)

- me being ob-gyn i has to sacrifice my whole day and night with patients and kick off my hobby because babies are delivered at all hours, unexpectedly.

- i also has to spend my school holidays in hospital, not with my family, even though i am on   call on the first day of Hari Raya.

- i also have to make a quick decision which will determine the life of baby, mother and also her generation

➡️ ‘hit and run’ otw to iv session

-    For me, helping people’s lives is one of the goal in order to be a doctor. Therefore, going to the interview and helping the victim are both important. So, I will start with DR. ABC method which is ‘Danger, Respond, Airways, Breathing and Circulation’.

-     So first, I will take a look at the victim’s condition, if severe blood loss could happen, I will ask the passers by to help me to isolate the victim from the vehicle.

-    Then I will call the police. If necessary, I will do  CPR. Then, I will get the  information of the victim’s family. After I ensure all the necessaries are under control, then I will continue my journey to the interview. I am sure helping the victim may not takes too long.

➡️ Friend intend to make up a fake story to cover his/her mistakes in report.

-    For me, making a precise report is important. But humans are not perfect. Even Takoma Bridge fall and couldn’t save many lives because of the inaccurate planning by the architects. So is for doctors.

-    in this case, I have to advise my friend to tell the truth and admit the mistake. Her/his mistake can be a moral for her/him and also for others.

-    Other doctors may not repeat the same mistake in future.

-    The ethical value when a doctor ask forgiveness from the patient is also a good manner that make people would have a high respect in doctors.

-    Before anything gets worse, my friend can also find another solution for the patient and this shows how a doctor is very responsible to take any risk and how efficient a doctor works because doctors are known as quick-thinkers.

-    So all in all, honesty is the best policy especially in medical life.

➡️List of specialist

1. Audiologist Audiologists specialize in ear related issues, particularly with regard to hearing loss in children. These doctors work with deaf and mute children to assist in their learning to communicate. They typically work in hospitals, physicians’ offices, audiology clinics, and occasionally in schools. 2. Allergist Allergists work with a wide variety of patients who suffer from issues related to allergies, such as hay, fever, or asthma. They are specially trained to treat these issues and assist patients in dealing with them and what to do when they are encountered. 3. Anesthesiologist Anesthesiologists study the effects and reactions to anesthetic medicines and administer them to a variety of patients with pain-killing needs. They assess illnesses that require this type of treatment and the dosages appropriate for each specific situation. 4. Cardiologist Cardiologists specify in the study and treatment of the heart and the many diseases and issues related to it. They assess the medical and family history of patients to determine potential risk for certain cardiovascular diseases and take action to prevent them. 5. Dentist Dentists work with the human mouth, examining teeth and gum health and preventing and detecting various different issues, such as cavities and bleeding gums. Typically, patients are advised to go to the dentist twice a year in order to maintain tooth health. 6. Dermatologist Dermatologists study skin and the structures, functions and diseases related to it. They examine patients to check for such risk factors as basal cell carcinoma (which signals skin cancer) and moles that may eventually cause skin disease if not treated in time. 7. Endocrinologist Endocrinologists specify in illnesses and issues related to the endocrine system and its glands. They study hormone levels in this area to determine and predict whether or not a patient will encounter an endocrine system issue in the future. 8. Epidemiologist Epidemiologists search for potential diseases that may crop up and cause a great deal of problems for a population and look for vaccinations for current terminal diseases, such as cancer and HIV/AIDS. 9. Gynecologist Gynecologists work with the female reproductive system to assess and prevent issues that could potentially cause fertility issues. Female patients are typically advised to see a gynecologist once a year. Gynecological work also focuses on issues related to prenatal care and options for expectant and new mothers and ensure that your infant is growing and developing properly. 10. Immunologist Immunologists study the immune system in a variety of organisms, including humans. They determine the weaknesses related to this system and what can be done to override these weaknesses. 13. Medical Geneticist Medical Geneticists examine and treat diseases related to genetic disorders. They specialize in disorders that are hereditary in nature and work to find ways to prevent already-present diseases from passing down to the next generation through reproduction. 14. Microbiologist Microbiologists study the growth infectious bacteria and viruses and their interactions with the human body to determine which could potentially cause harm and severe medical conditions.  They also seek to find immunizations for diseases caused by these organisms. 15. Neonatologist Neonatologists care for newborn infants to ensure their successful entry into a healthy and fulfilling life. The focal point of their examinations is on premature and critically ill infants who require immediate treatment at the risk of fatal consequences. 16. Neurologist Neurologists work with the human brain to determine causes and treatments for such serious illnesses as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Dementia, and many others. In addition to research on the brain stem, neurologists also study the nervous system and diseases that affect that region. 17. Neurosurgeon Neurosurgeons operate on the human brain and body to treat and cure diseases affecting the nervous system and brain stem. They work to alleviate symptoms from serious brain illnesses that cause patients a great deal of physical and emotional pain. 18. Obstetrician Obstetricians work in a particular area of gynecology that focuses on neonatal care and childbirth. They also perform other operations related to the female reproductive system including c-sections, hysterectomies, and surgical removal of ovarian tumors. To learn more about neonatal care and the proper way to care for a newborn infant, take a look at this course on bringing your new baby home! 19. Oncologist Oncologists focus on the treatment and prevention of cancer in terminal and at-risk patients. They offer such treatments as examination and diagnosis of cancerous illnesses, chemotherapy and radiotherapy to destroy cancer cells in the body, and follow-up with survivors after treatment successes. 20. Orthopedic Surgeon Orthopedic Surgeons treat ailments concerned with the skeletal system, such as broken bones and arthritis. These doctors are often found in emergency rooms since accidents that result in broken bones are often unintentional and demand immediate treatment. 21. ENT Specialist ENT Specialists concentrate in areas related to the Ear, Nose, and Throat, and sometimes even ailments related to the neck or the head. Children often seek treatment from ENT specialists for surgery in the above areas, and adults see these doctors for sinus infections. 22. Pediatrician Pediatricians work with infants, children, and adolescents regarding a wide variety of health issues, ranging from the common cold to severe conditions. They make their work environments highly “kid-friendly”, often featuring a range of toys and bright colors. 23. Physiologist Physiologists study the states of the human body, including emotions and needs. They particularly focus on the functions of the human body to assess if they are working correctly and attempt to determine potential problems before they become an issue. 24. Plastic Surgeon Plastic Surgeons perform cosmetic surgery to enhance the physical attributes of a patient or amend a physical issue that the patient finds unsatisfactory. The ultimate goal of professionals in this field is to “correct” improper human forms. 25. Podiatrist Podiatrists work on and study ailments that afflict the feet and ankles of patients. They are often referred to a “foot doctors” and treat such afflictions as athlete’s foot, calluses, nail disorders, and other foot injuries and infections. 26. Psychiatrist Psychiatrists, who occupy a more prevalent place in the research field than the medical field, study behavior and mental processes. They often work with patients in one-on-one sessions to alleviate mental illnesses and behavioral disorders. 27. Radiologist Radiologists diagnose and detect physiological ailments through the use of x-rays and other such imaging technologies. Through the use of these technologies, they scan the victim’s body for hazardous cells, such as cancer cells, and look for fractures or breaks in accident victims. 28. Rheumatologist Rheumatologists, similar to Allergists, diagnose and treat allergies, as well as autoimmune disorders. However, unlike their Allergy-focused neighbors, these doctors also treat joint and tissue problems and diseases that afflict the immune system. 29. Surgeon Surgeons can be found at the operating table, performing a wide variety of surgeries from head to toe. Subsets of surgeons include such areas as general surgery, neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, ENT surgery, and oral surgery. 30. Urologist Urologists specialize in issues related to the urinary system, such as urinary tract infections. They also treat and study afflictions of the kidneys, adrenal glands, bladder, and male reproductive organs. 31. Other Internal Medicine Physician - treats diseases and disorders of internal structures of the body. Nephrologist - treats kidney diseases. Diagnostic Radiologist - diagnoses and medically treats diseases and disorders of internal structures of the body. ➡️ Deal with patient who unsatisfied with my treatment - We should realize that not every people hv a wide knowledge about medical treatment that some people may be insecured with it. So, first thing I will counsel the parents about the impact of blood loss for the patient for short term and long term. - nowadays we have numerous types of treatments, including medical treatment and traditional treatment. My patient may insecure with medical treatment. - So, first I will explain briefly where is the organ that hv problems. And I will suggest another treatment instead of medical teatment such as using herbs or exercise. - either herbs, fruits, vegetable r pills, all have its own advantages, as long as the patient take it under control, under doctor’s prescription - with me being a doctor, I will make sure the best for my patient’s health ➡️ insist for blood transfusion - We should realize that not every people hv a wide knowledge about medical treatment that some people may be insecured with it. So, first thing I will counsel the parents about the impact of blood loss for the patient for short term and long term. - The patient need immediate blood transfusion because a severe infection or liver disease stops his/her body from properly making blood or some parts of blood. An illness that causes anemia, such as kidney disease or cancer have high tendency to attack the patient at this moment. Medicines or radiation used to treat a medical condition can also cause anemia. So, blood transfusion is the best method for this case. - Then I would guarantee them by showing the results of blood transfusion by previous patients. If the parents are insecured because of the case of the genetic diseases or cancer such HIV, I would convince them by showing the precise precaution and accomplishment by the doctors and medical assistants. - If the parents insist because of the financial problem, we can convince them by offering them the deposit payment package or maybe the free payment by the government hospital. - with me being a doctor, I will make sure the best for my patient’s health ➡️ plan B - I think I want to be a Biology teacher. This is because since kid I love Biology very much and I love reading and searching for medical articles, watching medical videos and movies. - Biology deals with diseases, health of a living body and our Mother Nature which they are very important knowledge for us in order to have healthy lifestyle. - Moreover, I can ensure my family’s health, by controlling their intake of food, diet and exercise in order to keep healthy mentally and physically. Therefore, this can enhance my family’s intelligence too. besides, Biology can allow me to advise my friends who are suffered from diseases because I love to treat people. - In every class, especially Mathematics and Biology class, my name is frequently called to come in front to explain and present for the new lectures or knowledge. This is an easy task for me because I always make preparation by studying first what I will study for the next lecture. And this is why I always be chosen as a mentor to teach my friends because I have a great ability in presenting and teaching people. - with me being a Biology teacher, i can ensure people around me live in harmony, just like what every doctor dreams of. ➡️ why do we need to choose you - i manage to use my time properly. i never proscrastinate, and always make preparation for any task earlier and faster than other people. in boarding school, i am the vice president of student representative council (MPP) and i hv to handle many events in and out of school, attend meetings, and do homework and revision for spm. but, still alhamdulillah i manage to ace in all subjects in spm. - I know the real doctor life is just not treating patient. As I have many experiences in marketing for my business since school, i  have the ability to console and persuade people because I am a a very friendly influencer. I can talk and make jokes to any patient even it is the first meet. - In every class, especially Mathematics and Biology class, my name is frequently called to come in front to explain and present for the new lectures or knowledge. This is an easy task for me because I always make preparation by studying first what I will study for the next lecture. And this is why I always be chosen as a mentor to teach my friends because I have a great ability in presenting and teaching people. - with me being a medical student in USM, I will make sure I have a strong collaboration with the lecturers. If there are 7 world influencers for research citation in USM, I will make sure the number will grow and grow up. ➡️ as a doc, for critical pregnancy cases that involve lives of the two parties, who would you choose, mom or baby? - this is not a rare case. Even my mom have been thru in this case for twice, once when delivering me. (this is true hehe) - if the mother is in uncontrollable condition, the decision is on the husband’s hand. Before the husband sign the agreement, of course the doctors will give the best advice – choose the mother - so in this case, mothers are chosen because mothers have many responsibilities on her family and job for years, while the baby is a newbie, which a mom can be pregnant for another time. - talk about mother’s responsibilities and love, it is indeed that no one can be just the same. Whether father or new mother can never replace her, and this also may result in discomfort among children and parent. - when there is a pregnancy disorder like this, the baby delivered may not internally and externally perfect in physical and mental. The baby may be immatured or have some diabilities. So, it is better to save mother whose  life is more precious. - furthermore, in most cases, if the mother is chosen, the doctors will definitely pull their full effort to save the baby’s life as well. And most of the surgeries go well, just like my mom. - with me being a doctor, I will make sure the decision will never be regrettable and I will always give advice and motivation for the husband and wife for them for having a happy life, now and then. ➡️ where do you see yourself in 5 years? - As I have a high passion in business, I wanna be like my idol, Dr Adnan, the biggest manager of hospitals and policlinics of penawar that are abundance in Malaysia. - he always thinks positive and thinks further in anything circumtances he faces in his life. for example, he doesnt only take medical field as a chance in treating patients but also as a chance in developing Malaysia's economy. - Therefore, during my studies, I can start saving money and planning for my own clinic. So during housemanship, I can start building my own clinic in my residential area. And after housemanship, I can make my own money in my own clinic. - My goal is I want to be a job creator, not a job seeker. - As I have many experiences in marketing for my business since school, i  have the ability to console and persuade people because I am a a very friendly influencer. I can talk and make jokes to anyone even it is the first meet. - and i believe, with my skill in marketing and influencing people, I can develop my clinic into hospital in next few years.   - with me being a doctor, I will help those who are incapable and unaffordable as long as they can live in healthy life. ➡️ biggest prob in our health care system - Well I've read articles about how bad  the Malaysian healthcare system that makes it really hard for doctors to do what they do the best- help people. - For me, anywhere anytime , money is always being the biggest problem. For instance, the 2016 budget plan had decreased the Health Ministry budget by 253 to 300 million. - Next, based on the statistic, annually Malaysia produces more than 10 thousands graduates of medical degree and even big country like Australia only produces 1,000 graduates of MD per year. when there are too many graduates of MD, government cannot assess precisely the most qualified doctors.  And still, government cannot afford to hire too many doctors. This narrow the opportunity of the graduates in entering the housemanship. Many qualfied doctors are unlucky to step on their foothold and need to wait for months to be called. - Regarding to this matter, the quality of doctor is gradually decrease because the are too many unqualified doctors in hospitals. The respectability of people in medical treatment will gradually fall down. - Besides that, with financial problem, we are still using technologies which are not as advance as other countries. Therefore, the medical treatment will not as efficient as the other countries, same goes to medical apparatus in medical school, so some expertise field cannot be handled out in Malaysia. Therefore, some patients might need to get treatment in oversea because of the lacking of specialist and medical apparatus in Malaysia.   ➡️ *heart transplant (a 75-year-old man or a drug addict is more compatible?)* - in this context, we need to choose sensibly the person who need the heart transplant the most - this is because heart donored are not sufficient enough for the patient, especially in malaysia. Malaysia also tend to buy donor hearts from other countries such as US. Despite of that, 2,000 donor hearts are available in the United States each year. Yet, approximately 3,000 people are on a heart transplant waiting list at any given time, according to the a. - so we need to consider the most eligible patient by some candidacy - one of it is the age. Most prospective heart recipients must be under 65 years old. So in this case, the 75-year-old man is out of the list and the drug addict will be chosen. - Some may think the drug addict is not supposed to do heart transplant because of the person’s behaviour and the addiction might repeat the same condition, which is heart failure for the second time. but he still can live for ages with the new heart if his/her brain can function normally. - so this relates to the second candidacy which is the overall health. If the drug addict has multiple organ failure, cancer, or other serious medical conditions the drug addict may be taken off the transplant list. - third candidacy needed to be considered is the habit. The patient must commit to changing his/her lifestyle. This includes exercising, eating healthy, quitting taking drugs and quitting smoking if he/she does. - so, with me being the physician, I will do a complete survey to make sure who is more compatible for the transplant or maybe both are not. ➡️ a patient want to take lethal injection because s/he cannot endure pain -      Taking lethal injection means the patient is undergoing euthanasia -      In many cases, it is carried out at the person's request but there are times when they may be in incurable condition and the decision is made by relatives, medics or, in some instances, the courts. -       Voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide can lead to imprisonment of up to 14 years. -      But, it's not euthanasia when a doctor to give a drug in order to reduce pain, even though the drug causes the patient to die sooner. This is because the doctor's intention was to relieve the pain, not to kill the patient. This argument is sometimes known as the Doctrine of Double Effect. -      So, by following the law in medicine, me as a doctor need to make sure that death must be inevitable and drawing near. -      When I am ensure enough, I have the right to advise the patient’s family to sign the agreement for the patient to take euthanasia. -      If the patient still have chance to survive for a longer lifetime or the pain can be cured by using other alternative such as surgery, theraphy or painkillers, I would not allow the patient to undergo euthanasia. I will give the patient some motivating advice and let the person know how precious his/her life is. ➡️ kidney transplant for family member - To answer this, first and foremost, I will definitely donor my kidney to my mother. - family members have the most compatible kidneys for transplant. This is because there must be one of them who share the same blood type. - age is not really considerable in this case, as long as I am 18 or above. The other candidacies for a kidney donors are good physical and mental health, BMI less than 35 and free from diseases such as diabetes, cancer, AIDS, hepatitis, organ disease and infectious disease. - once the kidney donors donor their kidney, they  have the same life expectancy, general health and kidney function as others. - they still can manage to live like others - one more extra info is kidney transplant is more important and recommended than continuous dialysis which can only help the kidney to function in a particular times ➡️ study style and work style - My study style is before class, I love to study first basically what I am going to study in the next lecture, by watching videos. - Because  watching videos is very effective method by 65% especially for auditary and visual learner like me. But I know in medical studies we lack too much time. Therefore,after class,  I will have a group discussion to recap back briefly what have been learning in the previous class.  - Sharing ideas and information will enhance my understanding and this can work faster. - While my work style is I manage to use my time properly. i never proscrastinate, and always make preparation for any task earlier and faster than other people. in boarding school, i am the vice president of student representative council (mpp) and i hv to handle many events in and out of school, attend meetings, and do homework and revision for spm. but, still alhamdulillah i manage to ace in all subjects in spm. - This is because I always list down what is the most important, more important and less important things that I need to care of. I used to be a perfectionist because I am a very meticulous person, especially in art because I love art so much. - And that is why with me being a leader, I can guarantee all work is done perfectly and all the competitions led by me will be the best among the best. ➡️ Why is uncontrolled use of antibiotics a dangerous thing? What can we do about it? §  - Antibiotics are used to treat a wide range of infections, ranging from life threatening conditions to common respiratory tract infections §  - They are our only defence against many of these illnesses, but can become ineffective as bacteria have the ability to develop mutations that protect themselves from the drugs §  - The more antibiotics are used, the more likely it is that bacteria will develop protection against them. It is therefore important to use them sparingly so that we have effective antibiotics to combat life threatening conditions for as long as possible §  - Continued medical research is an essential tool that could create new drugs that bacteria are not resistant to §  - Changes to clinical practice, encouraging doctors not to prescribe antibiotics to those who do not necessarily require them, could help §  - Public health campaigns could highlight these issues, encouraging patients not to request antibiotics when they have the common cold, for example ➡️ What role do public health campaigns like anti-smoking TV adverts have in the NHS, and why is this a good way to spend NHS resources? - Pay close attention to health campaigns. These are used a lot and are seen as a significant weapon against disease - TV, radios, gadgets are all around us. So, advertisements about the awareness can be spreaded out quickly. §  - Although healthcare professionals are well equipped to deal with a huge range of medical conditions, they are overstretched and under-funded. §  - public education can be conducted at many institution and places, primary sch, sec sch and universities . Citizens at all ages can understand about what they need to do before, during or after being infected by the diseases. §  -  this can help to encourage them to cut down on such practices and preparations as prevention is better than cur ➡️ Is mental health an area of concern for the NHS, and if so why? §  - Mental health conditions can be a terrible burden for somebody suffering from them, and it is the duty of the NHS to help them §  - Modern society is increasingly fraught and stressful for many people, and this can lead to a wide range of mental health problems §  - Mental health conditions can also lead to physical problems §  - Mental and physical health care are both equally important when considering the health of a whole person, and mental health should therefore be receiving a significant amount of NHS resources §  - Recently, this has been a focus for many of the political parties, and the Liberal Democrats focused on mental health as a flagship policy in the 2015 election ➡️ Should vaccinations of children against common infectious diseases be compulsory? §  - First, as with so many questions of this type, it is important to establish the basic facts before getting into detail §  - Despite medical progress, preventable disease continues to affect millions of people, and vaccines for many of these are readily available. Vaccinating children is one way of halting their spread §  - The consequences of a parent’s child becoming infected are not just borne by that child, or that parent, but also the local community, who are at risk as well §  - However, forcing vaccination on all school children might be seen as overly paternalistic and parents may see this as a loss of their freedom to choose how to care for their child §  — it’s a difficult balancing act ➡️ A recent study estimated that by 2050 more than half of the UK population could be obese. Is this a cause for concern and if so, why? §  - Well, obesity is associated with a wide range of health problems, including diabetes and osteoarthritis, among others §  - These lead to a low quality of life for the person affected. Furthermore, their consequent conditions can cost the NHS. This is already a huge drain of NHS resources, so it is worrying that the trend is going up §  - In most cases obesity is preventable and manageable, and can be reduced with exercise and diet advice. So, there is hope that even though the study estimates a spike in obesity numbers, these can be brought down with hard work ➡️ What is Zika virus? §  - Zika virus is carried by Aedes mosquitoes and the first human case was detected in 1954. §  - There were further outbreaks in South East Asia and the Pacific, but these were not a serious threat to human health. §  - A Zika virus case was reported in 2015 in Brazil, and the virus spread rapidly to Central America as well as the Caribbean. §  - Symptoms of the zika virus include mild fever, conjunctivitis, joint pain and headaches. §  The World Health Organisation has claimed there is ‘scientific consensus’ that the Zika virus causes microcephaly (a condition which means babies are born with an underdeveloped brain), as well as other birth defects such as miscarriage and stillbirth. §  - Experts also believe that the Zika virus is a cause of Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a serious condition of the nervous system. ➡️ What are the consequences of Zika virus? §  - The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has advised pregnant women not to travel to affected areas. §  - Some governments in affected countries have advised women to delay pregnancy. §  Trials of a Zika vaccine will likely start at the end of this year, and larger trials could begin at the start of 2017. ➡️ Facilities are being upgraded in Malaysia, but progress is slow Malaysia, unlike Singapore, which has most infrastructures in place, is currently working towards upgrades for its existing facilities and construction of more advanced healthcare complexes with projected completion by 2020. Malaysia’s universal healthcare system is undergoing a structural reform to improve problems such as long waiting times, over consumption and high price differences between the public and private healthcare sectors. In Malaysia’s budget for 2017, MYR 536 million (US$ 119.8 million) is set aside for upgrading medical facilities and MYR 4.5 billion (US$ 1 billion) allocated to the operation of 340 1Malaysia Clinics, 11 1Malaysia Mobile Clinics, 959 health clinics and more than 1,800 rural clinics. ➡️ The standard of care in Malaysia is slowly improving In Malaysia, a minimum fee of MYR 1 ($US 0.22) is enough to guarantee complex treatments such as cancer operations. This system provides universal coverage and affordable care as a form of social protection. Meanwhile, the public health sector has been plagued by long waiting times, overcrowding at public hospitals and the evolution of patient demands. However, in recent years, the Malaysian government has actively worked on structural reforms and facilities upgrades. As results in the 10th Malaysia plan from 2010 to 2015 show, measurable improvements in Malaysia’s healthcare have been made. According to data from the Ministry of Health, there has been a steady decrease in the doctor to population ratio from 1:791 in December 2012 to 1:671 in 2015 and there was also an increase in the numbers of government clinics in rural areas. At some government clinics waiting times have decreased by 50%. Although some improvements have been made, more work is needed to increase the number of hospital beds available, reduce the price difference between public and private health and improve technical aspects of treatment such as infection control and personnel quality. ➡️ The government is preparing to work with other organizations to meet demand To help reduce overcrowding in public hospitals, the government will cooperate with the private sector or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to operate non-profit charitable hospitals. A total of MYR 20 million (US$ 4.47 million) will fund loans for hospital equipment. In July 2016, Malaysian Health Minister Datuk Seri Dr. S. Subramaniam discussed the idea of introducing a voluntary government insurance scheme. He indicated that the scheme will be dynamic and evolve in line with the changing needs of the population. However, he reiterated that it will not phase out the current health system but will serve as an alternative to the public health sector. He explained, “There will be no private player and no profit motive. The government health insurance scheme will evolve according to time. It is too early for me to give details such as the structure the scheme and so on. I am just throwing it as a concept and let the relevant party discuss it.” The details of this policy are yet to be publicised and more information is expected to be announced in the coming year. ➡️ Malaysia’s healthcare system can be compared to a struggling caretaker Meanwhile in Malaysia, the healthcare system is seen as a caretaker, providing ‘public good’ to the population. However, this has led to overconsumption of the service, resulting in deteriorating standards of care and long waiting times in public hospitals. The idea of healthcare being all but free means there is little chance of privatising healthcare in Malaysia. And even though privatisation of healthcare would greatly help, the government has to stress individual responsibility to its people to prevent overconsumption, abuse of the system and a mindset that health is their personal asset. Resistance to privatisation over the years has made it difficult for health officials to make any fundamental changes to the system. ➡️ Changes to both healthcare systems will require a holistic approach To achieve any major healthcare progress, the Malaysian government is charged with the task of first changing the way its people think about health. A possible path is for the government to deregulate laws to make it easier to open a clinic or private hospital. This will help create competition in the private health sector and bring private healthcare prices down. In the long-term, it will provide Malaysians with an affordable alternative to public hospitals and clinics. Both countries have their own unique problems which will require unique solutions. However, when it comes to healthcare, their leaders should adopt a more holistic approach and create solutions that are far-reaching and forward-looking. Instead of focusing only on achieving short-term goals, it is time for them to anticipate possible changes in the future and create policies that are sustainable.