COVID #RMO DAY-6
I leave QnA section in the comment below and I’ll update my entry with your Q&A okayy 😉
Assalamualaikum and hye,, today i zealously wanna share some sample answers for medical interview. and if im not lazy enough i would share the tips hoho. so recently alhamdulillah i got an offer from USM Kubang Kerian, Kelantan for medical degree. haha well its not that surprising. im a student of Pre-USM under MARA programme so literally, yes i will be resettled into USM for my degree but still, i have to attend the interview (for certain courses i intended to be in like medic and pharmacy), just like the other candidates, but yeah, the chance on getting called for that interview is on our hands.
So there’d be two days of interview. One day got two sessions, morning and evening. During my year, 2017, it’s held on Friday & Saturday. I got the first day.
In the interview type is MMI (Multiple Mini Interview). Hehe, do you ever heard about this?
So basically, in a typical MMI, each interviewer stays in the same interview throughout, as candidates rotate through. The interviewer thus scores each candidate based upon the same interview scenario throughout the course of the test. Candidates – each candidate rotates through the circuit of interviews.
There are 10 rooms. Student 1 will first enter Room 1 @ Station 1. Student 2 will enter Station 2. And the number goes.
There is a written instruction or question on a paper in front of each room. 📄Every station has different question. Once the bell rings 🛎 you’re given two minutes to read and digest the question. And, yes. this is your time to brainstorm your answer. 2 minutes should be enough to think the points you gonna deliver in front of the panel (doctors) in the room later.
2 minutes end. 🛎 Kringg!! The next bell will ring and there, you can knock the door and enter the room. sit down. now, you already know the question, right? so, this is the time for you to shine 🧚🏻💃🏻 ***Introduce yourself “My name is Husna, this is my file” ***Ask permission “May I have a seat Dr?”
What i like about MMI is i know it will be definitely a one-to-one assessment. So, i don’t have to worry about being awkward, shy neither competitive. Most of the doctors will not interrupt or help or comment what you’re doing. It’s just sometimes they will add up questions either when they get to know more about what you’re doing or saying, or they want to top-up your marks if you’re not performing so excellently..
Kringggg!!! 🛎🛎 8 min has ended!! ***Thank the Dr. (just call DR if you’re unsure the title: Prof/AP/Dr) “Thank you Dr for your time. i’d like to go to next station”
Okay nahh.. you’ve finished the first station 👏🏻👏🏻 Now, don’t waste your time ! go to the next station, stand in front of the room and read the nest question. usually the next station number is the subsequent number.
I highlighted the ethics part because this is important okay my dear doctors-to-be.... because it’s in medical ethics, greet, thank & consent. For example, when we medical profession want to clerk patient or do any physical examination, we have a few steps, which are WIPER TAC
***
W - wash your hands
I - introduce yourself***
P - permission*** and privacy (not related to interview)
E - exposure (not related to interview)
R - repositioning patient (not related to interview)
T - thank the patient***
A - ask : anything you wanna ask?
C - closing : i’d like to end my examination with check the BP... etc
So now, it’s time for my sharing session about my questions i got during d day. I try my best to recall yaa..not really the exact one but i try to recreate with my imaginary sentence.
 |
1st station: Breaking the News
Results of biopsy has come out. Kamal is diagnosed with bladder cancer. He’s advised to follow up the treatment and surgery. As a medical doctor, how you would break the news?
Okay guys, with this type of question, the doctors didn’t expect you to throw out medical jargons or whatsoever. They really highlighted about the Ethics part.
Also, i think if it involves patient, you can or encouraged to speak in Bahasa cuz yeah, Kelantanese patient speaks Bahasa okeyy not Arabic obv.
Let me give some lecture (ececey) on Prescribing Patient @ Truth Telling @ Breaking News : (clue: SPIKES)
S Setting : prepare the patient. Some questions to break the ice
“Macam mana cik harini, sihat?”
“Cik datang dengan siapa harini?”
P Perception
“Cik, Saya nak tanya, puan tahu tak keadaan Cik Kamal sekarang?” (Which is his disease)
I Information
“Boleh Cik Kamal bagitahu, cik nak terima treatment hospital kalau diminta untuk follow-up?”
Let him tell with his full heart. You, your job is, stare at his eyes with full of empathy, showmanship is so important, nod to show your grasp, and potray some respect ✊ . Keep quiet and be a good listener!
K Knowledge
If medical student:
Diagnosis: you can draw what you know about the anatomy and what pathology (problem) is involved now if there’re pencil and paper provided.
Treatment: why he need to follow up treatment
Prognosis: what will happen to himself, his family & life (job, daily activities) if he defaults (just briefly, don’t raise your voice, speak softly with rhythm cewah)
As a non-medical student yet, just speak what you know, no need 100% true, at least have some showmanship.
E Empathy
“I really really understand your situation. I mean, let’s cope with this together.”
(Talk in Malay la)
S Strategy
“So i come up with a few strategies. First, Cik Kamal need to tell your family members first, they need to know the situation. Then, Cik Kamal can approach Jabatan Kebajikan Malaysia, behind this building (for financial problem), then Cik Kamal can ask me anything regarding the disease....then....bla2”
2nd station: Medical Ethics
Encik Fakir, 56 years old is diagnosed with HIV positive. he has poor socioeconomic status and he’s not working. On further questioning, he claims that he’s a drug dealer. You are the doctor in-charge with this patient. What would you do?
Enhance the medical ethics Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Justice in this situation.
Omg, at first tu, i just followed 4 keys og ethics given, didn’t even know the true meaning of them. So yeah, make sure you know the meaning then you can elaborate it and relate with the situation.
Autonomy : break the news
Beneficence :
Non-maleficence :
Justice :
Medical Ethics : Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Justice
Prescribing Patient @ Truth Telling @ Breaking News : (clue: SPIKES)
3rd station:
Show the talent that you have.
So guys, as i entered in, i sat down and started gambling about my skill during the entire school time. After about 6 mins boasted, the doctor said “but here it stated that you need to ‘show’ it” Then i was like.. OMO OTTOKEEE 😭😭
And i -
“I can sing”
And i sang a song entitled Sakit by Iamneeta.
And the bell rang. I stopped immediately and the Dr said “whoa you have a nice voice” inside my heart, “aiyo Una you waste your time bragging your other skills but none of them are provable 😓”
I’m not really good in singing, my last vocal and choir class was during elementary school. Otherwise, it’s just informal class in the toilet 😂
Hahaha so you know what you need to do? Practise one talent that you can PERFORM within 8 mins beforehand. Maybe you have a talent in sport, dancing or whatsoever, but maybe if you brag so much, it’s not convincing enough. So try dancing or singing or public speaking anything that is possible to do without any props like ball and costume.
As i reached my friend’s home at Pengkalan Chepa, i told my two buddies about that and they both were really well prepared 😂 One of them memorise verses of Quran for her tilawah skill. Hahah lucky them having me to tell the spot question 😂 so yeah, as expected, there’s a station on the next day with the same question, “show your talent”
A week before the interview day, we batchmates from Pre-USM programmes shared a few lists of questions. so here are some sample answers for the questions selected out of a list. ahaa before i forget, i did discuss these answers with my friend, Ulul Azmi. so the idea came up together and we put on some research before answering particular questions. im so sorry, the word compilation might be quiet messy and confusing. and i also misplaced the list of questions.. mianhae,, i will hv a check again kayh..
➡️🌸🌸🌸 tell me abt yourself
my name is husna binti mohd nor, a pre-u usm student of mara college kulim. i am a daughter of two teachers, and born in kluang johor and talking about my origin, it is the most triggering reason why i am here and why i choose this pathway. i was born in pregnancy disorder where my mom had to suffer from stroke for 7 months without her husband by her side. since i was five, i love to read scientific book and article and watch medical videos because i want to discover into deep why such occasion happens to my mom. therefore, for me, being a gynecologist is one of the way to pay back my mother's sacrifice by helping mothers outside there from having such difficulties during pregnancy as my mom had been through. i also want to show people that here, a girl with born-disorder can still succeed.
➡️🌸🌸🌸 what is your strength and weakness?
- my weakness is i always sleep for a long period. despite of that, i manage to use my time properly. i never proscrastinate, and always make preparation for any task earlier and faster than other people.
- in boarding school, i am the vice president of student representative council (mpp) and i hv to handle many events in and out of school, attend meetings, and do homework and revision for spm. but, still alhamdulillah i manage to ace in all subjects in spm.
➡️🌸🌸🌸 why do u choose medical course?
- for me, a doctor is very versatile, because being a doctor i can manage my time, make a critical decision in a short time and instil many moral values such as understanding, patience and independance.
- based on my experience being a vice president of src, i know that i am a person who love to fill every second in my life with a lot of work and i dont like to waste my time with petty things that give no advantage.
➡️ what is ob-gyn? why are u interested in ob-gyn? (Or any other field)
- Obstetrics and Gynecology is the medical specialty that deals with pregnany women from the developing of babies in mothers uterus until kid.
- what are the disease dealt by ob-gyn are abnormal failure, ovarian cyst, infertility and osteoporosis. one of the most terrific pregnancy problem is ectopic pregnancy, where the baby is in the mother's fallopian tube, not in uterus. this is due to small size of penis and vagina, and eventually the baby cannot be delivered, and the mother cannot be pregnant anymore
- i am interested in this field because I enjoyed the opportunity of working with women over the course of their lifetime health care
- i can develop life-long relationships with my patients and families as i love to be friendly with people. when i have successfully helped a mother, i will be very satisfied and happy because i know a child is very precious for every parent.
➡️ what are the problems faced by ob-gyn? (or any other field)
- me being ob-gyn i has to sacrifice my whole day and night with patients and kick off my hobby because babies are delivered at all hours, unexpectedly.
- i also has to spend my school holidays in hospital, not with my family, even though i am on call on the first day of Hari Raya.
- i also have to make a quick decision which will determine the life of baby, mother and also her generation
➡️ ‘hit and run’ otw to
iv session
- For me, helping people’s
lives is one of the goal in order to be a doctor. Therefore, going to the
interview and helping the victim are both important. So, I will start with DR.
ABC method which is ‘Danger, Respond, Airways, Breathing and Circulation’.
- So first, I will take a look at the victim’s
condition, if severe blood loss could happen, I will ask the passers by to help
me to isolate the victim from the vehicle.
- Then I will call the
police. If necessary, I will do CPR.
Then, I will get the information of the
victim’s family. After I ensure all the necessaries are under control, then I
will continue my journey to the interview. I am sure helping the victim may not
takes too long.
➡️ Friend intend to make
up a fake story to cover his/her mistakes in report.
- For me, making a precise
report is important. But humans are not perfect. Even Takoma Bridge fall and
couldn’t save many lives because of the inaccurate planning by the architects. So
is for doctors.
- in this case, I have to
advise my friend to tell the truth and admit the mistake. Her/his mistake can
be a moral for her/him and also for others.
- Other doctors may not
repeat the same mistake in future.
- The ethical value when a
doctor ask forgiveness from the patient is also a good manner that make people
would have a high respect in doctors.
- Before anything gets
worse, my friend can also find another solution for the patient and this shows
how a doctor is very responsible to take any risk and how efficient a doctor
works because doctors are known as quick-thinkers.
- So all in all, honesty
is the best policy especially in medical life.
➡️List of specialist
1. Audiologist
Audiologists specialize
in ear related
issues, particularly with regard to hearing loss in children. These doctors
work with deaf and mute children to assist in their learning to communicate.
They typically work in hospitals, physicians’ offices, audiology clinics, and
occasionally in schools.
2. Allergist
Allergists work with a
wide variety of patients who suffer from issues related to allergies, such as hay, fever, or asthma.
They are specially trained to treat these issues and assist patients in
dealing with them and what to do when they are encountered.
3. Anesthesiologist
Anesthesiologists study
the effects and reactions to anesthetic medicines and administer them to a variety of
patients with pain-killing needs. They assess illnesses that require this
type of treatment and the dosages appropriate for each specific situation.
4. Cardiologist
Cardiologists specify
in the study and treatment of the heart and the many diseases and issues related to it. They
assess the medical and family history of patients to determine potential risk
for certain cardiovascular diseases and take action to prevent them.
5. Dentist
Dentists work with the human mouth,
examining teeth and gum health and preventing and detecting various different
issues, such as cavities and bleeding gums. Typically, patients are advised
to go to the dentist twice a year in order to maintain tooth health.
6. Dermatologist
Dermatologists study skin and the
structures, functions and diseases related to it. They examine patients to
check for such risk factors as basal cell carcinoma (which signals skin
cancer) and moles that may eventually cause skin disease if not treated in
time.
7. Endocrinologist
Endocrinologists
specify in illnesses and issues related to the endocrine system and its glands. They study
hormone levels in this area to determine and predict whether or not a patient
will encounter an endocrine system issue in the future.
8. Epidemiologist
Epidemiologists search
for potential diseases
that may crop up and cause a great deal of problems for a population and look
for vaccinations for current terminal diseases, such as cancer and HIV/AIDS.
9. Gynecologist
Gynecologists work with
the female
reproductive system to assess and prevent issues that could
potentially cause fertility issues. Female patients are typically advised to
see a gynecologist once a year.
Gynecological work also
focuses on issues related to prenatal care and options for expectant and new mothers and
ensure that your infant is growing and developing properly.
10. Immunologist
Immunologists study the
immune system
in a variety of organisms, including humans. They determine the weaknesses
related to this system and what can be done to override these weaknesses.
13. Medical Geneticist
Medical Geneticists
examine and treat diseases related to genetic disorders. They specialize in disorders
that are hereditary in nature and work to find ways to prevent
already-present diseases from passing down to the next generation through
reproduction.
14. Microbiologist
Microbiologists study
the growth infectious
bacteria and viruses and their interactions with the human body to
determine which could potentially cause harm and severe medical
conditions. They also seek to find immunizations for diseases caused by
these organisms.
15. Neonatologist
Neonatologists care for
newborn infants to ensure their successful entry into a healthy and
fulfilling life. The focal point of their examinations is on premature and
critically ill infants who require immediate treatment at the risk of fatal
consequences.
16. Neurologist
Neurologists work with
the human brain
to determine causes
and treatments for such serious illnesses as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Dementia, and
many others. In addition to research on the brain stem, neurologists also
study the nervous system and diseases that affect that region.
17. Neurosurgeon
Neurosurgeons operate on the human brain and body
to treat and cure diseases affecting the nervous system and brain stem. They
work to alleviate symptoms from serious brain illnesses that cause patients a
great deal of physical and emotional pain.
18. Obstetrician
Obstetricians work in a
particular area of gynecology that focuses on neonatal care and childbirth. They also perform
other operations related to the female reproductive system including
c-sections, hysterectomies, and surgical removal of ovarian tumors.
To learn more about
neonatal care and the proper way to care for a newborn infant, take a look at this course on bringing your
new baby home!
19. Oncologist
Oncologists focus on
the treatment and prevention of cancer in terminal and at-risk patients. They offer such
treatments as examination and diagnosis of cancerous illnesses, chemotherapy
and radiotherapy to destroy cancer cells in the body, and follow-up with
survivors after treatment successes.
20. Orthopedic Surgeon
Orthopedic Surgeons treat
ailments concerned with the skeletal system, such as broken bones and arthritis. These
doctors are often found in emergency rooms since accidents that result in
broken bones are often unintentional and demand immediate treatment.
21. ENT Specialist
ENT Specialists
concentrate in areas related to the Ear, Nose, and Throat, and
sometimes even ailments related to the neck or the head. Children often seek treatment
from ENT specialists for surgery in the above areas, and adults see these
doctors for sinus infections.
22. Pediatrician
Pediatricians work with
infants, children,
and adolescents regarding a wide variety of health issues, ranging from the
common cold to severe conditions. They make their work environments highly
“kid-friendly”, often featuring a range of toys and bright colors.
23. Physiologist
Physiologists study the
states of the human
body, including emotions and needs. They particularly focus on the
functions of the human body to assess if they are working correctly and
attempt to determine potential problems before they become an issue.
24. Plastic Surgeon
Plastic Surgeons
perform cosmetic
surgery to enhance the physical attributes of a patient or amend a
physical issue that the patient finds unsatisfactory. The ultimate goal of
professionals in this field is to “correct” improper human forms.
25. Podiatrist
Podiatrists work on and
study ailments that afflict the feet and ankles of patients. They are often referred to a
“foot doctors” and treat such afflictions as athlete’s foot, calluses, nail
disorders, and other foot injuries and infections.
26. Psychiatrist
Psychiatrists, who
occupy a more prevalent place in the research field than the medical field,
study behavior and mental processes. They often work with patients in
one-on-one sessions to alleviate mental illnesses and behavioral disorders.
27. Radiologist
Radiologists diagnose and detect
physiological ailments through the use of x-rays and other such imaging
technologies. Through the use of these technologies, they scan the
victim’s body for hazardous cells, such as cancer cells, and look for
fractures or breaks in accident victims.
28. Rheumatologist
Rheumatologists, similar
to Allergists,
diagnose and treat allergies, as well as autoimmune disorders. However,
unlike their Allergy-focused neighbors, these doctors also treat joint and
tissue problems and diseases that afflict the immune system.
29. Surgeon
Surgeons can be found
at the operating table, performing a wide variety of surgeries from head to
toe. Subsets of surgeons include such areas as general surgery, neurosurgery,
cardiovascular surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, ENT surgery, and oral
surgery.
30. Urologist
Urologists specialize
in issues related to the urinary
system, such as urinary tract infections. They also treat and study
afflictions of the kidneys, adrenal glands, bladder, and male reproductive
organs.
31. Other
➡️ Deal with patient
who unsatisfied with my treatment
- We should realize that not every
people hv a wide knowledge about medical treatment that some people may be
insecured with it. So, first thing I will counsel the parents about the
impact of blood loss for the patient for short term and long term.
- nowadays we have numerous types of treatments, including
medical treatment and traditional treatment. My patient may insecure with
medical treatment.
- So, first I will explain briefly
where is the organ that hv problems. And I will suggest another treatment
instead of medical teatment such as using herbs or exercise.
- either herbs, fruits, vegetable r
pills, all have its own advantages, as long as the patient take it under
control, under doctor’s prescription
- with me being a doctor, I will make
sure the best for my patient’s health
➡️ insist for blood transfusion
- We should realize
that not every people hv a wide knowledge about medical treatment that some
people may be insecured with it. So, first thing I will counsel the parents
about the impact of blood loss for the patient for short term and long term.
- The patient need
immediate blood transfusion because a severe infection
or liver disease stops his/her body from properly making blood or some parts of blood. An illness that causes
anemia, such as kidney disease or cancer have high tendency to attack the
patient at this moment. Medicines or radiation used to treat a medical
condition can also cause anemia. So, blood transfusion is the best method for
this case.
- Then I would
guarantee them by showing the results of blood transfusion by previous
patients. If the parents are insecured because of the case of the genetic
diseases or cancer such HIV, I would convince them by showing the precise
precaution and accomplishment by the doctors and medical assistants.
- If the parents
insist because of the financial problem, we can convince them by offering
them the deposit payment package or maybe the free payment by the government
hospital.
- with me being a
doctor, I will make sure the best for my patient’s health
➡️ plan B
- I think I want to
be a Biology teacher. This is because since kid I love Biology very much and
I love reading and searching for medical articles, watching medical videos
and movies.
- Biology deals
with diseases, health of a living body and our Mother Nature which they are
very important knowledge for us in order to have healthy lifestyle.
- Moreover, I can
ensure my family’s health, by controlling their intake of food, diet and
exercise in order to keep healthy mentally and physically. Therefore, this
can enhance my family’s intelligence too. besides, Biology can allow me to
advise my friends who are suffered from diseases because I love to treat
people.
- In every class,
especially Mathematics and Biology class, my name is frequently called to
come in front to explain and present for the new lectures or knowledge. This
is an easy task for me because I always make preparation by studying first
what I will study for the next lecture. And this is why I always be chosen as
a mentor to teach my friends because I have a great ability in presenting and
teaching people.
- with me being a
Biology teacher, i can ensure people around me live in harmony, just like
what every doctor dreams of.
➡️ why do we need
to choose you
- i manage to use
my time properly. i never proscrastinate, and always make preparation for any
task earlier and faster than other people. in boarding school, i am the vice
president of student representative council (MPP) and i hv to handle many
events in and out of school, attend meetings, and do homework and revision
for spm. but, still alhamdulillah i manage to ace in all subjects in spm.
- I know the real
doctor life is just not treating patient. As I have many experiences in
marketing for my business since school, i have the ability to console and persuade people
because I am a a very friendly influencer. I can talk and make jokes to any
patient even it is the first meet.
- In every class,
especially Mathematics and Biology class, my name is frequently called to
come in front to explain and present for the new lectures or knowledge. This
is an easy task for me because I always make preparation by studying first
what I will study for the next lecture. And this is why I always be chosen as
a mentor to teach my friends because I have a great ability in presenting and
teaching people.
- with me being a
medical student in USM, I will make sure I have a strong collaboration with
the lecturers. If there are 7 world influencers for research citation in USM,
I will make sure the number will grow and grow up.
➡️ as a doc, for critical pregnancy cases that involve lives of the two parties, who would you choose, mom or baby?
- this is not a
rare case. Even my mom have been thru in this case for twice, once when
delivering me. (this is true hehe)
- if the mother is
in uncontrollable condition, the decision is on the husband’s hand. Before
the husband sign the agreement, of course the doctors will give the best
advice – choose the mother
- so in this case,
mothers are chosen because mothers have many responsibilities on her family
and job for years, while the baby is a newbie, which a mom can be pregnant
for another time.
- talk about
mother’s responsibilities and love, it is indeed that no one can be just the
same. Whether father or new mother can never replace her, and this also may
result in discomfort among children and parent.
- when there is a
pregnancy disorder like this, the baby delivered may not internally and
externally perfect in physical and mental. The baby may be immatured or have
some diabilities. So, it is better to save mother whose life is more precious.
- furthermore, in
most cases, if the mother is chosen, the doctors will definitely pull their
full effort to save the baby’s life as well. And most of the surgeries go
well, just like my mom.
- with me being a
doctor, I will make sure the decision will never be regrettable and I will
always give advice and motivation for the husband and wife for them for
having a happy life, now and then.
➡️ where do you
see yourself in 5 years?
- As I have a high
passion in business, I wanna be like my idol, Dr Adnan, the biggest manager
of hospitals and policlinics of penawar that are abundance in Malaysia.
- he always thinks
positive and thinks further in anything circumtances he faces in his life.
for example, he doesnt only take medical field as a chance in treating
patients but also as a chance in developing Malaysia's economy.
- Therefore, during
my studies, I can start saving money and planning for my own clinic. So
during housemanship, I can start building my own clinic in my residential
area. And after housemanship, I can make my own money in my own clinic.
- My goal is I want
to be a job creator, not a job seeker.
- As I have many
experiences in marketing for my business since school, i have the ability to console and persuade
people because I am a a very friendly influencer. I can talk and make jokes
to anyone even it is the first meet.
- and i believe,
with my skill in marketing and influencing people, I can develop my clinic
into hospital in next few years.
- with me being a
doctor, I will help those who are incapable and unaffordable as long as they
can live in healthy life.
➡️ biggest prob in
our health care system
- Well I've read
articles about how bad the Malaysian
healthcare system that makes it really hard for doctors to do what they do
the best- help people.
- For me, anywhere
anytime , money is always being the biggest problem. For instance, the 2016
budget plan had decreased the Health Ministry budget by 253 to 300 million.
- Next, based on
the statistic, annually Malaysia produces more than 10 thousands graduates of
medical degree and even big country like Australia only produces 1,000
graduates of MD per year. when there are too many graduates of MD, government
cannot assess precisely the most qualified doctors. And still, government cannot afford to hire
too many doctors. This narrow the opportunity of the graduates in entering
the housemanship. Many qualfied doctors are unlucky to step on their foothold
and need to wait for months to be called.
- Regarding to this
matter, the quality of doctor is gradually decrease because the are too many
unqualified doctors in hospitals. The respectability of people in medical
treatment will gradually fall down.
- Besides that, with
financial problem, we are still using technologies which are not as advance as
other countries. Therefore, the medical treatment will not as efficient as
the other countries, same goes to medical apparatus in medical school, so
some expertise field cannot be handled out in Malaysia. Therefore, some
patients might need to get treatment in oversea because of the lacking of specialist
and medical apparatus in Malaysia.
➡️ *heart transplant (a 75-year-old man
or a drug addict is more compatible?)*
- in this context,
we need to choose sensibly the person who need the heart transplant the most
- this is because
heart donored are not sufficient enough for the patient, especially in
malaysia. Malaysia also tend to buy donor hearts from other countries such as
US. Despite of that, 2,000 donor
hearts are available in the United States each year. Yet, approximately 3,000
people are on a heart transplant waiting list at any given time, according to
the a.
- so we need to
consider the most eligible patient by some candidacy
-
one of it is the age.
Most prospective heart recipients must be under 65 years old. So in this
case, the 75-year-old man is out of the list and the drug addict will be
chosen.
- Some may think the drug addict is not supposed to do heart
transplant because of the person’s behaviour and the addiction might repeat
the same condition, which is heart failure for the second time. but he still
can live for ages with the new heart if his/her brain can function normally.
- so this relates to the second candidacy which is the overall
health. If the drug addict has multiple organ failure, cancer, or other
serious medical conditions the drug addict may be taken off the transplant
list.
- third candidacy needed to be considered is the habit. The
patient must commit to changing his/her lifestyle. This includes exercising,
eating healthy, quitting taking drugs and quitting smoking if he/she does.
- so, with me being the physician, I will do a complete survey
to make sure who is more compatible for the transplant or maybe both are not.
➡️ a patient want to take lethal injection because s/he cannot endure pain
- Taking
lethal injection means the patient is undergoing euthanasia
- In
many cases, it is carried out at the person's request but there are times
when they may be in incurable condition and the decision is made by
relatives, medics or, in some instances, the courts.
- Voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide can
lead to imprisonment of up to 14 years.
- But, it's not euthanasia when a doctor to give a drug in
order to reduce pain, even though the drug causes the patient to die sooner.
This is because the doctor's intention was to relieve the pain, not to kill
the patient. This argument is sometimes known as the Doctrine of Double Effect.
- So, by following the law in medicine, me as a doctor need
to make sure that death must be inevitable and drawing
near.
- When I am ensure enough, I have the
right to advise the patient’s family to sign the agreement for the patient to
take euthanasia.
- If the patient still have chance to
survive for a longer lifetime or the pain can be cured by using other
alternative such as surgery, theraphy or painkillers, I would not allow the
patient to undergo euthanasia. I will give the patient some motivating advice
and let the person know how precious his/her life is.
➡️ kidney
transplant for family member
- To answer this,
first and foremost, I will definitely donor my kidney to my mother.
- family members
have the most compatible kidneys for transplant. This is because there must
be one of them who share the same blood type.
- age is not really
considerable in this case, as long as I am 18 or above. The other candidacies
for a kidney donors are good physical and mental health, BMI less than 35 and
free from diseases such as diabetes, cancer, AIDS, hepatitis, organ disease
and infectious disease.
- once the kidney donors donor their kidney, they have the same life expectancy, general
health and kidney function as others.
- they still can manage to live like others
- one more extra info is kidney transplant is more
important and recommended than continuous dialysis which can only help the
kidney to function in a particular times
➡️ study style and
work style
- My study style is
before class, I love to study first basically what I am going to study in the
next lecture, by watching videos.
- Because watching videos is very effective method by
65% especially for auditary and visual learner like me. But I know in medical
studies we lack too much time. Therefore,after class, I will have a group discussion to recap back
briefly what have been learning in the previous class.
- Sharing ideas and information will enhance
my understanding and this can work faster.
-
While my work style is I manage to use my time properly. i never
proscrastinate, and always make preparation for any task earlier and faster
than other people. in boarding school, i am the vice president of student
representative council (mpp) and i hv to handle many events in and out of
school, attend meetings, and do homework and revision for spm. but, still
alhamdulillah i manage to ace in all subjects in spm.
-
This is because I always list down what is the most important, more important
and less important things that I need to care of. I used to be a perfectionist
because I am a very meticulous person, especially in art because I love art
so much.
-
And that is why with me being a leader, I can guarantee all work is done
perfectly and all the competitions led by me will be the best among the best.
➡️ Why is uncontrolled use of antibiotics a dangerous thing? What can we do about it?
§ - Antibiotics are used to treat a wide range of
infections, ranging from life threatening conditions to common respiratory
tract infections
§ - They are our only defence against many of these
illnesses, but can become ineffective as bacteria have the ability to develop
mutations that protect themselves from the drugs
§ - The more antibiotics are used, the more likely it is
that bacteria will develop protection against them. It is therefore important
to use them sparingly so that we have effective antibiotics to combat life
threatening conditions for as long as possible
§ - Continued medical research is an essential tool that
could create new drugs that bacteria are not resistant to
§ - Changes to clinical practice, encouraging doctors not
to prescribe antibiotics to those who do not necessarily require them, could
help
§ - Public health campaigns could highlight these
issues, encouraging patients not to request antibiotics when they have the
common cold, for example
➡️ What role do
public health campaigns like anti-smoking TV adverts have in the NHS, and why
is this a good way to spend NHS resources?
- Pay close attention to health campaigns. These are used a lot
and are seen as a significant weapon against disease
- TV, radios, gadgets are all around us. So, advertisements
about the awareness can be spreaded out quickly.
§ - Although healthcare professionals are well equipped to
deal with a huge range of medical conditions, they are overstretched and
under-funded.
§ - public education can be conducted at many institution
and places, primary sch, sec sch and universities . Citizens at all ages can
understand about what they need to do before, during or after being infected
by the diseases.
§ - this can help to
encourage them to cut down on such practices and preparations as prevention
is better than cur
➡️ Is mental health an area of concern for the NHS, and if so why?
§ - Mental health conditions can be a terrible burden for
somebody suffering from them, and it is the duty of the NHS to help them
§ - Modern society is increasingly fraught and stressful
for many people, and this can lead to a wide range of mental health problems
§ - Mental health conditions can also lead to physical
problems
§ - Mental and physical health care are both equally
important when considering the health of a whole person, and mental health
should therefore be receiving a significant amount of NHS resources
§ - Recently, this has been a focus for many of the
political parties, and the Liberal Democrats focused on mental health as a
flagship policy in the 2015 election
➡️ Should
vaccinations of children against common infectious diseases be compulsory?
§ - First, as with so many questions of this type, it is
important to establish the basic facts before getting into detail
§ - Despite medical progress, preventable disease
continues to affect millions of people, and vaccines for many of these are
readily available. Vaccinating children is one way of halting their spread
§ - The consequences of a parent’s child becoming infected
are not just borne by that child, or that parent, but also the local
community, who are at risk as well
§ - However, forcing vaccination on all school children
might be seen as overly paternalistic and parents may see this as a loss of
their freedom to choose how to care for their child
§ — it’s a difficult balancing act
➡️ A recent
study estimated that by 2050 more than half of the UK population could be
obese. Is this a cause for concern and if so, why?
§ - Well, obesity is associated with a wide range of
health problems, including diabetes and osteoarthritis, among others
§ - These lead to a low quality of life for the person
affected. Furthermore, their consequent conditions can cost the NHS. This is
already a huge drain of NHS resources, so it is worrying that the trend is
going up
§ - In most cases obesity is preventable and manageable,
and can be reduced with exercise and diet advice. So, there is hope that even
though the study estimates a spike in obesity numbers, these can be brought
down with hard work
➡️ What is Zika virus?
§ - Zika virus is carried by Aedes mosquitoes and the first human case
was detected in 1954.
§ - There were further outbreaks in South East Asia and
the Pacific, but these were not a serious threat to human health.
§ - A Zika virus case was reported in 2015 in Brazil, and
the virus spread rapidly to Central America as well as the Caribbean.
§ - Symptoms of the zika virus include mild fever,
conjunctivitis, joint pain and headaches.
§ The World Health Organisation has claimed there is
‘scientific consensus’ that the Zika virus causes microcephaly (a condition
which means babies are born with an underdeveloped brain), as well as other
birth defects such as miscarriage and stillbirth.
§ - Experts also believe that the Zika virus is a cause of Guillain-Barré Syndrome, a serious
condition of the nervous system.
➡️ What
are the consequences of Zika virus?
§ - The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has
advised pregnant women not to travel to
affected areas.
§ - Some governments in affected countries have advised
women to delay pregnancy.
§ Trials of a Zika vaccine will likely start at the end of
this year, and larger trials could begin at the start of 2017.
➡️ Facilities are being upgraded in Malaysia, but progress is slow
Malaysia, unlike Singapore,
which has most infrastructures in place, is currently working towards
upgrades for its existing facilities and
construction of more advanced healthcare complexes with projected completion by 2020. Malaysia’s
universal healthcare system is undergoing a structural reform to improve
problems such as long waiting times, over consumption and high price
differences between the public and private healthcare sectors.
In Malaysia’s budget for 2017, MYR 536
million (US$ 119.8 million) is set aside for upgrading medical facilities and
MYR 4.5 billion (US$ 1 billion) allocated to the operation of 340 1Malaysia
Clinics, 11 1Malaysia Mobile Clinics, 959 health clinics and more than 1,800
rural clinics.
➡️ The standard of care in Malaysia is slowly improving
In Malaysia, a minimum fee of
MYR 1 ($US 0.22) is enough to guarantee complex treatments such as cancer
operations. This system provides universal coverage and affordable care as a
form of social protection. Meanwhile, the public health sector has been
plagued by long waiting times, overcrowding at public hospitals and the
evolution of patient demands. However, in recent years, the Malaysian
government has actively worked on structural reforms and facilities upgrades.
As results in the 10th Malaysia plan from 2010 to 2015 show, measurable improvements in
Malaysia’s healthcare have been made. According to data from the Ministry of Health, there has
been a steady decrease in the doctor to population ratio from 1:791 in
December 2012 to 1:671 in 2015 and there was also an increase in the numbers
of government clinics in rural areas. At some government clinics waiting
times have decreased by 50%. Although
some improvements have been made, more work is needed to increase the number
of hospital beds available, reduce the price difference between public and
private health and improve technical aspects of treatment such as infection
control and personnel quality.
➡️ The government is preparing
to work with other organizations to meet demand
To help reduce overcrowding in public hospitals, the government will cooperate with the private sector or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to operate non-profit charitable hospitals. A total of MYR 20 million (US$ 4.47 million) will fund loans for hospital equipment.
In July 2016, Malaysian Health
Minister Datuk Seri Dr. S. Subramaniam discussed the idea of introducing a
voluntary government insurance scheme. He indicated that the scheme will be
dynamic and evolve in line with the changing needs of the population.
However, he reiterated that it will not phase out the current health system
but will serve as an alternative
to the public health sector.
He explained, “There will be no
private player and no profit motive. The government health insurance scheme
will evolve according to time. It is too early for me to give details such as
the structure the scheme and so on. I am just throwing it as a concept and
let the relevant party discuss it.” The details of this policy are yet to be
publicised and more information is expected to be announced in the coming
year.
➡️ Malaysia’s healthcare system
can be compared to a struggling caretaker
Meanwhile in Malaysia, the healthcare system is seen as a caretaker, providing ‘public good’ to the population. However, this has led to overconsumption of the service, resulting in deteriorating standards of care and long waiting times in public hospitals.
The idea of healthcare being
all but free means there is little chance of privatising healthcare in
Malaysia. And even though privatisation of healthcare would greatly help, the
government has to stress individual responsibility to its people to prevent
overconsumption, abuse of the system and a mindset that health is their
personal asset. Resistance to privatisation over the years has made it
difficult for health officials to make any fundamental changes to the system.
➡️ Changes to both healthcare systems will require a holistic approach To achieve any major healthcare progress, the Malaysian government is charged with the task of first changing the way its people think about health. A possible path is for the government to deregulate laws to make it easier to open a clinic or private hospital. This will help create competition in the private health sector and bring private healthcare prices down. In the long-term, it will provide Malaysians with an affordable alternative to public hospitals and clinics.
Both countries have their own
unique problems which will require unique solutions. However, when it comes
to healthcare, their leaders should adopt a more holistic approach and create
solutions that are far-reaching and forward-looking. Instead of focusing only
on achieving short-term goals, it is time for them to anticipate possible
changes in the future and create policies that are sustainable.
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